Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering

Design a PID controller based on grey wolf optimization algorithm for single-area load frequency control

Priyanka Jangid — 2025-01-06

This article, focuses on the load frequency control (LFC) of a single-area system with a grey wolf optimization metaheuristic approach. This approach is applied to optimize the PID controller parameters for the effective operation of the system. The grey wolf Algorithm (GWO) has been utilized to optimize the controller’s parameters and minimize the error. SIMULINK Model is used to simulate the Single-area load frequency control (SALFC) with GWO to mitigate the error and frequency fluctuations. The integral time absolute error (ITAE) has been considered as an objective function for optimal search of PID parameters. The frequency performance of the system has been observed without a controller, or any other methods in literature and with the proposed grey wolf optimization (GWO). The simulation response shows in terms of rise time, settling time, and peak time. The performance of the power system has been compared with other approaches namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Firefly Algorithm (FFA). The Proposed optimization technique provides a much better response than other strategies.

The impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Russian supply chain

Neha Bargujara — 2024-12-29

The Ukraine and Russia war has damaged the worldwide supply chains during the war, several countries imposed dozens of sanctions worldwide which crippled the supply chain of Russia to a great extent. In many nations, bans were also imposed on industrial products, fossil fuels, raw materials, and grains. In this regard, the authors have analysed how the war between Ukraine and Russia has affected the supply chain of Russia, and that analysis is presented in this dissertation. The findings presented by this research have indicated that finished goods, fuels, and energy shortages have augmented inflation. The war affected the routes of transport which in turn impacted the goods and logistics of the commodities by Russia. Due to war, Europe has taken the step to welcome the Russians leaving their country. The sanctions imposed have adversely affected the Russian imports from Europe and exports to Europe. However, European countries such as Poland, Germany, and Finland imported natural gas from Russia and the imports of fossil fuels were increased by nations like Turkey, China, and India. In this way, Russia's earnings from its sales of fossil fuels rose. Unfortunately, everything gets costly because the cost of transport increased, and worldwide prices of energy elevated. Intense inflation was led by this war.

Optimizing circular economy practices in Nigerian construction: Effective strategies for waste reduction and resource efficiency

Hyginus C.O. Unegbu — 2025-01-06

This study explores the current state of circular economy (CE) practices in the Nigerian construction industry, identifying key challenges and opportunities for their implementation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 200 survey participants and 20 key informants through structured surveys and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression and factor analysis, to uncover the relationships between variables and the underlying dimensions of barriers to CE adoption. The findings reveal that while there is a moderate level of awareness and implementation of CE practices, such as waste segregation and the use of recycled materials, these practices are not yet widespread. Major barriers identified include lack of awareness, high implementation costs, and insufficient regulatory support. Specifically, 75% of respondents cited lack of awareness as a significant barrier, and 80% identified high costs as a deterrent. Regression analysis indicated that awareness level, regulatory support, and company size positively influence CE practice adoption, while perceived cost has a negative impact. The study also highlights positive perceptions towards CE practices among industry professionals, with 85% of respondents recognizing their importance for the future of the construction industry. Factor analysis revealed three main dimensions of barriers: financial, awareness and education, and regulatory and policy barriers. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted educational programs to increase awareness, financial incentives to mitigate cost barriers, and stronger regulatory frameworks to enforce sustainable practices..

Study of decision support for the installation of photovoltaic systems coupled to the electricity grid: Mali’s case study

Amadou Fousseyni Toure — 2024-12-29

As the world's energy shortages worsen, countries are starting to exploit renewable energies for which solar power becomes the first choice. Considering the insufficiency of hydraulic and thermal resources in Mali, the hybrid system photovoltaic coupled at the grid is necessary and natural. The present study aims to increase the contribution of renewable energy sources to the national electricity production of Mali, and to pave the way for a good supply of electricity, ensuring the sustainable development of the economy and society of Mali. A preliminary analysis defines the technical, economic and environmental conditions for the implementation of 36 MW solar power plants at four points of Mali's energy interconnection network (Fana Kayes, Kita and Ségou). It can be a first contribution to demonstrating the feasibility of an integrated and self-sufficient energy model in this country. The power of 36 MW is compatible with the capacity of the interconnected network of Mali to absorb the electrical energy produced. For the location of the sites, several criteria have been taken into account for a definitive implementation (local climate conditions, proximity to the interconnected network, source of cooling water, social and environmental impact of the project). The results of the different simulations have shown that the installation of a solar system of 36 MW will be more beneficial in the cities of Ségou and Fana, less beneficial in the city of Kita compared to the two previous cities.

Review of micronutrients in Sokoto, Nigeria: Insufficiency and effects on brain (Nervous system) functioning

Yusuf Sarkingobir — 2025-01-07

In humans, micronutrients are special nutrients that are supposed to be obtained from diets in small amounts to aid body functioning, growth, and development. Micronutrients deficiency results due to low dietary nutrients intake and is currently a worldwide threat that affects humans in various ways, including learning or brain functioning. Sokoto State Nigeria due to its peculiarities such as arid land, poverty, poor education, single-diet nutrition, etc. should be of great risk of micronutrients deficiencies. The objective of this review paper is concerned about micronutrients deficiencies with regards to Sokoto State Nigeria and consequences on brain function. Micronutrients prevalence in Sokoto Nigeria, micronutrients in foods, insufficiency of nutrients in soil, consequences of excess micronutrients, micronutrients deficiencies, causes, etc. were described. Multifold approach to this myriad task should be put forward and tackled head-on; otherwise, the society (Sokoto) will languish continuously with maternal and child mortalities, abnormalities, mental derangements, aa well as poor productivity..